Light hydrocarbons belong to a group of chemical compounds that consist of hydrogen and carbon atoms. These compounds are known as light hydrocarbons due to their simple structure and molecular composition. The two main groups of light hydrocarbons are: 1. **Alkanes (Paraffins):** This group includes compounds that have single bonds (C-C type). Alkanes are also known as saturated hydrocarbons. 2. Alkenes (Olefins or Alkenes): This group includes compounds that have at least one double bond between carbon atoms. These light hydrocarbons are extracted from natural sources such as crude oil, natural gas and methanol. They are used as fossil fuels in chemical, petrochemical, and other industries. Examples of light hydrocarbons include methane (CH₄), ethane (C₂H₆), propane (C₃H₈), and butane (C₄H₁₀). 3. Alkynes: Alkynes are compounds that have at least one triple bond between carbon atoms. This group is also known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. 4. Aromatics: The aromatic group includes compounds that are connected to the ring structure and usually have a specific and well-known smell. Benzene (C₆H₆) is one of the most famous aromatic hydrocarbons. These hydrocarbons are used as basic components in the production of fuels, chemicals, plastics, and other chemical products. Also, they are used as raw materials in various industries including petrochemicals, transportation industries, and energy production. 5. **terms related to oil derivatives:** Gasoline: A mixture of light hydrocarbons used as fuel for domestic engines and other uses in the transportation industry. - **Diesel:** A derivative of hydrocarbons that is used as fuel for diesel engines and heavy vehicles. - **Jet Fuel:** A type of light hydrocarbon that is used as fuel for airplanes. 6. Propylene and Butadiene: These compounds are part of light hydrocarbons and are used in the petrochemical industry to produce plastics and chemicals. 7. **Use in chemical industries:** - Light hydrocarbons are used as raw materials in the production of chemical products such as alcohol, aldehyde, ethylene, propylene, and other chemical compounds. 8. **Usage in energy and fuel:** - Many light hydrocarbons are used as fossil fuels in thermal energy and transportation. Note that light hydrocarbons are a broad field in the chemistry and energy industry and have a variety of uses. 9. Chlorine-Containing Hydrocarbons: Some hydrocarbons can contain chlorine ions, which are used as fuel or chemicals in the production of various products, including plastics and environmental toxins. 10. **Liquid hydrogens:** As a liquid hydrocarbon, liquid hydrogen may be stored as an energy source and used in industries such as hydrogenation reactors. 11. **Use in electronic industries:** - Some light hydrocarbons are used as raw materials in the production of electrical and electronic materials. 12. **Natural hydrocarbons:** Some light hydrocarbons, such as methane, ethane, and propane, are naturally found in a variety of petroleum and natural gas sources. Light hydrocarbons are used in different industries with a wide variety of characteristics and applications and are considered as one of the main foundations of the chemical, petrochemical, and energy industries.