Due to the wide range of features and applications of heavy hydrocarbons, these compounds play an important role in the global economy and are widely used in various industries. Ultra-heavy hydrocarbons refer to compounds that have a very high molecular weight and usually have a more complex structural form than heavy hydrocarbons. These compounds usually consist of long carbon chains or more complex ring structures. Some examples of super heavy hydrocarbons are: 1. **Asphaltene:** - This group of compounds includes complex particles and heavy carbon rings. Asphaltenes are formed from crude oil as a part of non-volatile materials and are obtained as a residue during oil refining. 2. **Tar (Bitumen):** Tar is another example of super heavy hydrocarbons. This substance is often found in natural compounds such as coal and crude oil and is used as a fuel and raw material in the refinery and construction industries. 3. **Complex Aliphatic:** This group includes super heavy hydrocarbons with more complex structures and long carbon chains. These compounds are usually found in crude oil. Due to their high molecular weight, high density, and special chemical properties, the super heavy hydrocarbon compounds are used in industries that require materials with special properties. These materials are used in the production of various petroleum products, as fuel, and in construction. 4. **Naphthenic Acids:** These compounds are found in crude oil and include organic acids with cyclic chains. These acids can react with other substances in oil and organic compounds in oil reservoirs and have different environmental effects. 5. **pentanes and hexanes:** These compounds contain long carbon chains with complex structures. They are used as reservoir materials in petroleum compounds and are used in the oil refining process to produce products such as paraffins and heavy oil derivatives. 6. **Aromatic compounds:** Some super heavy hydrocarbons contain aromatic rings with complex structures. These compounds are found in crude oil and other petroleum products. 7. **Polymers and coke:** - In the process of converting ultra-heavy hydrocarbons, heavy polymers and coke (solid materials resulting from the accumulation of hydrocarbons) are also produced. These materials are usually used in industrial processes. 8. **Usage in nano technology:** Some super heavy hydrocarbons are also used as raw materials in nanotechnology and nanomaterials. 9. **Production of heat and steam:** - Heavy hydrocarbons are used as thermal fuels in industrial heating systems and steam production for industrial processes. 10. **Electricity production:** - In thermal power plants, heavy hydrocarbons are used as fuel to generate electricity. 11. **Transport industry:** Some heavy hydrocarbons are used to produce fuels used in vehicles, including cars and motorcycles. 12. **Production of chemicals:** - Heavy hydrocarbons are used as raw materials in petrochemical industries to produce chemical products such as plastics, paints, resins, and other chemicals. 13. **Hot water production and housing heating:** - In home heating and hot water production systems, heavy hydrocarbons are used as fuel. Due to their special characteristics, including high density and large molecular weight, ultra-heavy hydrocarbon compounds are used in industries such as refineries, oil industry, chemical industry, and construction purposes.